> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://braydie.gitbook.io/how-to-be-a-programmer/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://braydie.gitbook.io/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional.md).

# How to be a Programmer 中文版

Robert L. Read with Community \[//]: # (Version:1.0.0) Copyright 2002, 2003, 2016 Robert L. Read

Licensed under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).

翻译：[梦里风林](https://github.com/ahangchen)

原文：[HowToBeAProgrammer](https://github.com/braydie/HowToBeAProgrammer)

如果您希望改进这份中文翻译，请向这个[分支](https://github.com/ahangchen/HowToBeAProgrammer)提交Pull request。

[可以在gitbook在线阅读或导出PDF。](https://braydie.gitbooks.io/how-to-be-a-programmer/content/zh/index.html)

文章中出现的一些词汇往往有特殊的含义，可以在[4-词汇表](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/4-glossary.md)找到注释。

## 引言

　　做一个好的程序员，困难而高尚。将一个软件工程集体愿景变为现实，最困难的地方在于与你的同事和顾客相处。编程很重要，这需要强大的智力和技能。 但在好的程序员看来，相比构建一个让客户和各种各样的同事都满意的软件系统，（纯粹的）编程真的只是小孩子的玩意。在这篇文章里，我尝试尽可能简洁地总结那些当我21岁时，希望别人告诉我的事。

　　这可能很主观的，所以，这篇文章注定不适用于所有人，并且有的内容有点武断。我尽量写一些程序员在ta的工作中，非常可能会遇到的事情。大部分这些问题以及它们的解决方案在人们的环境中如此普遍，以至于我(说的)可能有点唠叨。尽管如此，我还是希望这篇文章是有用的。

　　我们在课堂上学习编程。 那些著作: The Pragmatic Programmer \[Prag99], Code Complete \[CodeC93], Rapid Development \[RDev96], 以及 Extreme Programming Explained \[XP99] 都传授编程（知识），并阐述做一个好的程序员这个大话题。 在读这篇文章之前，或者就是现在，你当然也应该读一读Paul Graham \[PGSite] 和 Eric Raymond \[Hacker] 的文章。 但与那些著作不同，这篇文章强调社交问题并且总结了整套我所知的必须的技能。

　　在这篇文章里，boss这个词指的是任何一个交给你工程去做的人。 除了一些语境外，我会同义地使用交易，公司，集体这些词，比如，交易意味着赚钱，公司意味着现代的工作空间，集体一般是那些你一起工作的人。

　　欢迎来到这个群体。

## 目录

1. [入门](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner.md)
   * 个人技能
     * [学会 Debug](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh/1-beginner/personal-skills/01-learn-to-debug.md)
     * [如何通过分割问题 Debug](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/personal-skills/02-how-to-debug-by-splitting-the-problem-space.md)
     * [如何移除一个错误](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/personal-skills/03-how-to-remove-an-error.md)
     * [如何使用日志调试](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/personal-skills/04-how-to-debug-using-a-log.md)
     * [如何理解性能问题](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/personal-skills/05-how-to-understand-performance-problems.md)
     * [如何解决性能问题](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/personal-skills/06-how-to-fix-performance-problems.md)
     * [如何优化循环](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/personal-skills/07-how-to-optimize-loops.md)
     * [如何处理 I/O 开销](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/personal-skills/08-how-to-deal-with-io-expense.md)
     * [如何管理内存](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/personal-skills/09-how-to-manage-memory.md)
     * [如何处理偶现的 Bug](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/personal-skills/10-how-to-deal-with-intermittent-bugs.md)
     * [如何学习设计技能](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/personal-skills/11-how-to-learn-design-skills.md)
     * [如何进行实验](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/personal-skills/12-how-to-conduct-experiments.md)
   * 团队技能
     * [为什么预估很重要](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/team-skills/01-why-estimation-is-important.md)
     * [如何预估编程时间](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/team-skills/02-how-to-estimate-programming-time.md)
     * [如何搜索信息](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/team-skills/03-how-to-find-out-information.md)
     * [如何把人们作为信息源](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/team-skills/04-how-to-utilize-people-as-information-sources.md)
     * [如何优雅地写文档](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/team-skills/05-how-to-document-wisely.md)
     * [如何在垃圾代码上工作](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/team-skills/06-how-to-work-with-poor-code.md)
     * [如何使用源代码控制](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/team-skills/07-how-to-use-source-code-control.md)
     * [如何进行单元测试](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/team-skills/08-how-to-unit-test.md)
     * [毫无头绪？休息一下](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/team-skills/09-take-breaks-when-stumped.md)
     * [如何决定下班时间](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/team-skills/10-how-to-recognize-when-to-go-home.md)
     * [如何与不好相处的人相处](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/1-beginner/team-skills/11-how-to-deal-with-difficult-people.md)
2. [进阶](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate.md)
   * 个人技能
     * [如何保持活力](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/personal-skills/01-how-to-stay-motivated.md)
     * [如何才能被广泛信任](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/personal-skills/02-how-to-be-widely-trusted.md)
     * [在时间和空间之间该如何权衡](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/personal-skills/03-how-to-tradeoff-time-vs-space.md)
     * [如何进行压力测试](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/personal-skills/04-how-to-stress-test.md)
     * [如何权衡简洁与抽象](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/personal-skills/05-how-to-balance-brevity-and-abstraction.md)
     * [如何学习新技能](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/personal-skills/06-how-to-learn-new-skills.md)
     * [学会打字](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/personal-skills/07-learn-to-type.md)
     * [如何进行集成测试](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/personal-skills/08-how-to-do-integration-testing.md)
     * [交流语言](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/personal-skills/09-communication-languages.md)
     * [重型工具](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/personal-skills/10-heavy-tools.md)
     * [如何分析数据](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/personal-skills/11-how-to-analyze-data.md)
   * 团队技能
     * [如何管理开发时间](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/team-skills/01-how-to-manage-development-time.md)
     * [如何管理第三方软件风险](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/team-skills/02-how-to-manage-third-party-software-risks.md)
     * [如何管理咨询](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/team-skills/03-how-to-manage-consultants.md)
     * [如何适度交流](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/team-skills/04-how-to-communicate-the-right-amount.md)
     * [如何直言异议以及如何避免](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/team-skills/05-how-to-disagree-honestly-and-get-away-with-it.md)
   * 评判
     * [如何权衡开发质量与开发时间](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/judgment/01-how-to-tradeoff-quality-against-development-time.md)
     * [如何管理软件系统依赖](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/judgment/02-how-to-manage-software-system-dependence.md)
     * [如何评判软件是否太不成熟了](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/judgment/03-how-to-decide-if-software-is-too-immature.md)
     * [如何决定购买还是构建](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/judgment/04-how-to-make-a-buy-vs-build-decision.md)
     * [如何专业地成长](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/judgment/05-how-to-grow-professionally.md)
     * [如何评估面试者](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/judgment/06-how-to-evaluate-interviewees.md)
     * [如何决定什么时候使用奇妙的计算机科学](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/judgment/07-how-to-know-when-to-apply-fancy-computer-science.md)
     * [如何与非工程师交谈](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/2-intermediate/judgment/08-how-to-talk-to-non-engineers.md)
3. [高级](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced.md)
   * 技术评判
     * [如何从不可能中找到困难的部分](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/technical-judgment/01-how-to-tell-the-hard-from-the-impossible.md)
     * [如何使用嵌入型语言](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/technical-judgment/02-how-to-utilize-embedded-languages.md)
     * [选择语言](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/technical-judgment/03-choosing-languages.md)
   * 机智地妥协
     * [如何与时间压力作斗争](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/compromising-wisely/01-how-to-fight-schedule-pressure.md)
     * [如何理解用户](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/compromising-wisely/02-how-to-understand-the-user.md)
     * [如何获得晋升](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/compromising-wisely/03-how-to-get-a-promotion.md)
   * 服务你的团队
     * [如何发展才能](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/serving-your-team/01-how-to-develop-talent.md)
     * [如何选择工作内容](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/serving-your-team/02-how-to-choose-what-to-work-on.md)
     * [如何让你队友的价值最大化](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/serving-your-team/03-how-to-get-the-most-from-your-teammates.md)
     * [如何划分问题](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/serving-your-team/04-how-to-divide-problems-up.md)
     * [如何处理无聊的问题](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/serving-your-team/05-how-to-handle-boring-tasks.md)
     * [如何为工程获取支持](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/serving-your-team/06-how-to-gather-support-for-a-project.md)
     * [如何发展一个系统](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/serving-your-team/07-how-to-grow-a-system.md)
     * [如何有效地沟通](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/serving-your-team/08-how-to-communicate-well.md)
     * [如何告诉人们他们不想听的东西](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/serving-your-team/09-how-to-tell-people-things-they-dont-want-to-hear.md)
     * [如何处理管理神话](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/serving-your-team/10-how-to-deal-with-managerial-myths.md)
     * [如何处理混乱的组织](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/3-advanced/serving-your-team/11-how-to-deal-with-organizational-chaos.md)
4. [词汇表](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/4-glossary.md)
5. [附录 A - 书籍/网站](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/5-bibliography.md)
6. [附录 B - 历史 (至2016年1月)](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/6-history.md)
7. [附录 C - 贡献 (至2016年1月)](/how-to-be-a-programmer/zh-traditional/7-contributions.md)

[![Creative Commons License](https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png)](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)\
How To Be A Programmer: Community Version by Robert L. Read with Community is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).